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Piano Chord Reference

Common chord types shown in C. Transpose to any key by shifting all notes the same interval.

Understanding Intervals

  • 1 = Root, 3 = Major 3rd, b3 = Minor 3rd, 5 = Perfect 5th
  • 7 = Major 7th, b7 = Minor 7th (dominant), 9 = 2nd up an octave
  • # = raised half step, b = lowered half step

Triads

CMajor
1 - 3 - 5
CEG

Bright, happy sound. The foundation of Western harmony.

CmMinor
1 - b3 - 5
CEbG

Sad, melancholic sound. Lowered third creates the minor quality.

CdimDiminished
1 - b3 - b5
CEbGb

Tense, unstable sound. Often resolves to a nearby chord.

CaugAugmented
1 - 3 - #5
CEG#

Mysterious, unresolved sound. Symmetrical - divides octave into 3 equal parts.

Seventh & Sixth Chords

Cmaj7Major 7th
1 - 3 - 5 - 7
CEGB

Rich, jazzy sound. The major 7th adds warmth and sophistication.

C7Dominant 7th
1 - 3 - 5 - b7
CEGBb

Bluesy, wants to resolve. The backbone of blues and jazz.

Cm7Minor 7th
1 - b3 - 5 - b7
CEbGBb

Smooth, mellow sound. Common in jazz and R&B.

CmMaj7Minor Major 7th
1 - b3 - 5 - 7
CEbGB

Dramatic, film noir sound. Minor triad with major 7th.

Cm7b5Half-Diminished 7th
1 - b3 - b5 - b7
CEbGbBb

Also called minor 7 flat 5. Common in jazz ii-V-I progressions in minor.

Cdim7Diminished 7th
1 - b3 - b5 - bb7
CEbGbBbb

Highly unstable, symmetrical. Divides octave into 4 equal parts.

C6Major 6th
1 - 3 - 5 - 6
CEGA

Warm, vintage sound. Popular in jazz standards and early pop.

Cm6Minor 6th
1 - b3 - 5 - 6
CEbGA

Bittersweet quality. The major 6th against minor third creates tension.

Extended Chords

Cmaj9Major 9th
1 - 3 - 5 - 7 - 9
CEGBD

Lush, sophisticated. Adds the 9th (2nd) to major 7th chord.

C9Dominant 9th
1 - 3 - 5 - b7 - 9
CEGBbD

Full, funky sound. Essential in funk, soul, and jazz.

Cm9Minor 9th
1 - b3 - 5 - b7 - 9
CEbGBbD

Smooth and soulful. Popular in neo-soul and R&B.

Cmaj11Major 11th
1 - 3 - 5 - 7 - 9 - 11
CEGBDF

Very rich, sometimes the 3rd is omitted to avoid dissonance with 11th.

C11Dominant 11th
1 - 3 - 5 - b7 - 9 - 11
CEGBbDF

Full, gospel sound. The 3rd is often omitted.

Cmaj13Major 13th
1 - 3 - 5 - 7 - 9 - 13
CEGBDA

Maximum richness. Often voiced without the 11th.

C13Dominant 13th
1 - 3 - 5 - b7 - 9 - 13
CEGBbDA

Rich, jazzy. Common ending chord in jazz. The 11th is usually omitted.

Cadd9Add 9
1 - 3 - 5 - 9
CEGD

Major triad plus the 9th. No 7th. Bright and open.

Cadd11Add 11
1 - 3 - 5 - 11
CEGF

Major triad plus the 11th. Creates tension between 3rd and 11th.

Suspended Chords

Csus2Suspended 2nd
1 - 2 - 5
CDG

Open, modern sound. The 2nd replaces the 3rd.

Csus4Suspended 4th
1 - 4 - 5
CFG

Tension that wants to resolve to major. The 4th replaces the 3rd.

C7sus47th Suspended 4th
1 - 4 - 5 - b7
CFGBb

Gospel, soul sound. Dominant 7th with suspended 4th.

Altered Chords

C7#57th Sharp 5
1 - 3 - #5 - b7
CEG#Bb

Augmented dominant. Tense, wants to resolve.

C7b57th Flat 5
1 - 3 - b5 - b7
CEGbBb

Tritone substitution chord. Unstable, jazzy.

C7#97th Sharp 9
1 - 3 - 5 - b7 - #9
CEGBbD#

The 'Hendrix chord'. Gritty, bluesy, rock sound.

C7b97th Flat 9
1 - 3 - 5 - b7 - b9
CEGBbDb

Dark, dramatic tension. Common in jazz and flamenco.

To transpose to another key, move all notes up or down by the same number of half steps. For example, to play these chords in G, move everything up 7 half steps (or down 5).

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